Cognitive Psychology Test Answers, Exam Answers, Quiz Answers

Which way in which the various projection areas in the visual cortex are organized is most important?
B) They are organized as topographic maps, maintaining a (roughly) 1:1 correspondence to location in the visual world
The concept of "degree of fan" refers to:
A) how many associative links radiate out from a node.
In a tachistoscopic procedure, a word is likely to be more difficult to recognize if:
A) the word has an unusual spelling pattern
The phenomenon in which you perceive a speech sound that belongs in a familiar word, but was actually missing when the word was pronounced, is called:
B) the phonemic restoration effect.
Providing a "title" for a confusing passage may help later recall because
D) it helps people understand the content
In connectionist theorizing, the strength of the association between two nodes is referred to as the association's:
B) connection weight
In a hypothetical experiement, you probably "recognized" the word SWEET even though it wasn't on the list of words you were supposed to remember. This is an illustration of the effect of what in recognition?
C) familiarity
The fact that people have difficulty perceiving repeated rapid changes in a scene is called
D) change blindness
By using leading questions and misinformation, researchers have been able:
B) to alter virtually any aspect of participants' memories and have even been able to create memories for entire events that never took place.
The phenomenon of source confusion reflects the fact that:
D) we are often better at recognizing that something is familiar than we are at determining why it is familiar.
Your textbook relates the phenomenon of gist recall most closely to:
B) schemata
Three of the following four properties are thought to be attributes of automatized skills. Which property is NOT an attribute of an automatized skill?
A) it is the basis of selective (rather than divided) attention
The auditory cortex follows the principle of contralateral control. Thus,
B) the right temporal lobe receives most of its input from the left ear.
The principle of minimal attachment refers to:
B) a processing strategy in which the listener constructs the simplest possible phrase structure that will accommodate the words heard to that point.
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is most closely involved in processing of auditory signals?
D) Temporal
PET (positron emission tomography) scans show:
D) brain areas that are currently consuming a particularly high level of glucose.
One reason why organization facilitates memory is that organization facilitates:
D) retrieval
Which of the following is NOT true for explicit memory?
C) Explicit memory is typically revealed as a priming effect.
The term "introspection" refers to:
A) the process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
Linguistic rules seem to be the source of children's "over-regularization errors." This sort of error occurs, for example, whenever a child:
A) says "I goed" or "He runned."
Participants hear a list of 30 words and are then asked to recall the words. The participants are particularly accurate in their recall of the first few words they hear, an effect known as:
A) the primacy effect.
The fact that people tend initially to misunderstand sentences like "Because he ran the second mile went quickly" or "the secretary applauded for his efforts was soon promoted" is referred to as
D) garden-pathing
Chronometric analysis exploits the fact that:
C) mental tasks take time.
Modern psychology turned away from behaviorism in its classic form because:
C) our behavior is routinely determined by our understanding of stimuli.
If you study the word "black" in the context of the word "train," you will recall it much better to the cue "train" than to the cue "white," even though "white" is almost certain to make you think of "black." This is called
C) encoding specificity
The smallest units of language that carry meaning are called:
D) morphemes.
A lexical-decision task is generally used to assess:
B) how rapidly participants can "look up" a word in their "mental dictionary."
Which of the following is true of Very Short Term Visual Memory (VSTM)?
D) its contents lasts for a few hundred milliseconds at most
In prototype theories, how is an object categorized?
D) Comparing it with an "ideal" instance, which has all of the typical features of other instances.
A participant is asked to recall a series of numbers, and the participants chooses to think about the numbers as though they were years (e.g., "1, 9, 9, 7" becomes "the year I turned 16"). The participant is placing more information into the memory unit known as a(n):
C) chunk
Which of the following cognitive processes or phenomena has the Stroop color-naming task been used to study?
C) automatic processing
In Biederman's RBC (Recognition By Component) model, Geons are:
D) Object parts that are parsed using nonaccidental features.
In a test of working memory capacity, participants are best able to remember:
C) short words, because they can be rehearsed more quickly.
The term "basic-level category" refers to:
C) the most natural level of categorization, neither too specific nor too general.
If you, as a scientist, really want to talk about mentalistic notions (images, thoughts, ideas, and the like), which of the following approaches would you NOT adopt:
D) behaviorism
In a propositional network, a token node would be used to represent __________ while a type node would be used to represent ___________.
B) my cat Fred .... cats in general
In a study by Brewer and Treyens, participants waited in an experimenter's office for the experiment to begin. After they left the room, they learned that the study was about their memory for that office. This study demonstrated:
A) that people make assumptions using schemata to fill in gaps in their memory.
According to exemplar theory, typicality effects:
D) reflect the fact that typical category members are probably frequent in our environment and are therefore frequently represented in memory.
A patient has suffered brain damage and, as a result, now seems to ignore all information on the left side of her world. If shown words, she only reads the right half of the word; if asked to copy a picture, she only copies the right half. This patient seems to be suffering from:
A) the unilateral neglect syndrome
In the video, the musician Clive Wearing was suffering from
C) anterograde amnesia
A researcher creates a series of synthetic speech sounds gradually ranging, in uniform small steps, from a "ta" sound at one extreme to a "da" sound at the other extreme. Participants are asked to identify each of these sounds. The researcher should expect to find that:
B) a participant's perceptions of the sounds show an abrupt transition, with all of the sounds closer to "ta" clearly identified as "ta," while all of the sounds closer to "da" are clearly identified as "da."
The "misinformation effect" refers to the fact that false information, presented after a participant has encoded an event, can intrude into the participant's subsequent recall of the event. This "planting" of memories
B) is not restricted to laboratory procedures
An expert is asked to comment on the confidence-accuracy relationship of an eyewitness's report. The expert should state that:
A) confidence levels are a poor indicator of the accuracy of recall
Your mental representation of a set of entities (things, events, properties, whatever) is called a(n):
A) concept
Which of the following is a "structural" or "static" neuroimaging technique?
C) CAT scan
Which of the following is a possible "prototype" of a concept?
D) An "ideal" instance, which has all of the most typical features of other instances
When doing a dichotic listening experiment, subjects may be able to report their own name in the unattended ear. Which of the following theory can be rejected with this evidence?
B) Filter theory
The "one-is-a-bun" scheme is a(n)
A) mnemonic device
The word superiority effect can easily be explained by
B) a feature net model
Which of the following statements about eye movements is true?
A) When reading, eyes fixate for about 250-300 ms, then quickly jump ahead a few spaces
The recognition of faces:
C. is influenced by configurational factors, suggesting that a model based on feature detection will provide a poor explanation of face recognition

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Cognitive Psychology Exams, Tests & Quizzes

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